Realistic AI engineering scenarios with reference solutions and problem-specific grading rubrics.
Integer indexing · bincount · Reshaping · Evaluation
Broadcasting · Vectorization · Linear algebra · Numerical stability
Fancy indexing · Broadcasting · NumPy · Encoding
bincount · Scatter-add · Safe division · Vectorization
Broadcasting · Clipping · Geometry · Vectorization
Prefix sums · Vectorization · Off-by-one reasoning · Dtype handling
Numerical stability · Broadcasting · Axis handling · Vectorization
Missing data · Axis handling · Numerical guards · Feature scaling
argpartition · Vectorization · Ranking · Complexity
Accumulate tricks · Fancy indexing · Missing data · Vectorization
groupby · Datetime handling · Deduplication · pandas
merge · Deduplication · Data quality · Join semantics
Time series · GroupBy · Reindexing · Data leakage
pivot / unstack · Reshaping · Categorical data · GroupBy
str.extract · Regular expressions · Data cleaning · Missing data
read_csv · Filtering · GroupBy · Data cleaning
GroupBy · Time series · Rolling windows · Feature engineering
GroupBy · Time series · cumsum · Feature engineering
sort_values · GroupBy · Ranking · Tie-breaking
Cohort analysis · Period arithmetic · GroupBy · Dense reindexing
merge_asof · Data leakage · Feature stores · Time series
Model evaluation · Multiclass metrics · Precision/recall · F1
Model evaluation · Precision/recall · Confusion matrix · NumPy
Bootstrap · Confidence intervals · Resampling · Statistics
Pipelines · Data leakage · Cross-validation · Preprocessing
Data leakage · Cross-validation · Grouped data · Evaluation
Calibration · Model evaluation · Probability · Binning
k-NN · Distance metrics · Tie-breaking · Vectorization
Feature importance · Permutation testing · Reproducibility · Model evaluation
Imbalanced data · Model evaluation · Precision/recall · Thresholding
Decision trees · Gini impurity · Vectorization · Cumulative counts
Drift detection · Monitoring · Quantile binning · Model maintenance
Clustering · k-means · Convergence · Vectorization
Backpropagation · Activations · NumPy · Gradients
Optimisers · Adam · Bias correction · Training dynamics
Batch normalisation · Running statistics · Train/eval mode · NumPy
Backpropagation · Chain rule · Matrix calculus · Gradient checking
Backpropagation · Layer normalisation · Chain rule · NumPy
Attention · Transformers · Masking · Numerical stability
Tokenisation · N-grams · Counting · Deterministic ordering
Chunking · RAG · Text processing · Sliding window
Named entity recognition · BIO tagging · Span extraction · Sequence labelling
TF-IDF · Sparse representations · Lexical retrieval · Vectorization
Tokenization · BPE · Subword models · Vocabulary construction
RAG · Chunking · Overlap · Retrieval
Hybrid search · Rank fusion · Retrieval · RAG
Caching · Cosine similarity · LRU eviction · Cost control
Context window · Token budgeting · Chat applications · Prompt construction
RAG · Maximal marginal relevance · Retrieval · Cosine similarity
Chunking · RAG · Context construction · Retrieval quality
Streaming · Server-sent events · Parsing · LLM plumbing
Rate limiting · Token bucket · Backpressure · API design
Dynamic batching · Inference serving · Latency budgets · Throughput
Retries · Backoff · Thundering herd · Error handling
Circuit breaker · Resilience · State machines · Failure handling
Cost tracking · Data cleaning · CSV parsing · Normalization
Context management · Token budgets · RAG · Prompt construction